FreeBSD开发作为一个快速，高性能和极其稳定的操作系统，尤其是适合网络服务器和类似任务。许多大型搜索引擎网站，或组织的关键任务计算基础设施上部署和使用，并在他们的计算机系统上运行FreeBSD多年。下面我们就介绍下如何基于FreeBSD 8.0 Ports配置nginx+php+mysql高性能web平台。
FreeBSD简介：
FreeBSD，是AT&T的后裔间接通过Berkeley Software Distribution(BSD)伯克利软件发行版UNIX，其漫长而动荡的历史可以追溯到1993年。不同于Linux发行版，这被定义为集成 Linux内核和数以千计的应用软件组成的解决方案，FreeBSD是一个紧密集成的操作系统基于BSD kernel和所谓的“userland(用户建造)”(因此，甚至没有额外的扩展程序)。发行版巨大失去了在普通电脑系统安装的机会 ? 像许多Linux发行版本，一个易于安装的(大部分)开放源码的应用扩展提供了FreeBSD的核心，但这些通常是由第三方捐助者提供的和不严格的 FreeBSD的一部分。
FreeBSD开发作为一个快速，高性能和极其稳定的操作系统，尤其是适合网络服务器和类似任务。许多大型搜索引擎网站，或组织的关键任务计算基础设施上部署和使用，并在他们的计算机系统上运行FreeBSD多年。相较于Linux操作系统，FreeBSD是分布在一个更宽松的许可证，这几乎可以无限制地重复使用和源代码修改为任何目的。即使是知名的苹果的Mac OS X也是从BSD派生。除了核心的操作系统，该项目还提供超过15,000种二进制和源代码形式
FreeBSD软件方便的应用于BSD核心安装。虽然可以肯定的是FreeBSD能够作为桌面操作系统使用，但它在这方面不具有Linux发行版流行。文本模式的安装程序提供的系统硬件检测或系统配置方面并没有，留下复杂的工作，这让在安装后的用户来设置。在现代的硬件支持方面，FreeBSD普遍滞后Linux操作系统，特别是在支持笔记本电脑和上网本等小工具，如无线网卡或流行数码相机。这些用户寻求现有的桌面FreeBSD的项目是考虑利用FreeBSD在台式机或工作站的速度和稳定，而不是FreeBSD的自身。
一.安装准备：
1.1、操作系统安装：参见http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-6422-1-1.html附件
默认FreeBSD不允许Root直接ssh登陆，在安装系统时候可以添加一个wheel组的用户。以确保FreeBSD系统安全!切记：FreeBSD只允许wheel组的用户可以ssh登陆。
例如：
pw useradd coralzd -g coralzd
1.2 系统环境
FreeBSD 8.0 I386
Nginx 0.7.65
PHP 5.2.13
Mysql 5.5.4 M3
二、系统初始化
2.1 更新ports
用portsnap 更新ports树，已获得最新的软件。
修改portsnap配置文件的server 为国内的镜像
ee /etc/porsnap.conf
将
SERVERNAME=portsnap.freebsd.org
修改为
SERVERNAME=portsnap.hshh.org #初次运行portsnap fetch extract 以后运行portsnap fetch update
2.2 优化rc.conf配置文档
添加
syslogd_flags="-ss" sendmail_enable="NONE"
2.3 内核增加IPFW防火墙
cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf cp GENERIC IPFW ee IPFW
将ident GENERIC
修改为ident IPFW
在下面增加
options IPFIREWALL options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
编译内核
# cd ../compile/IPFW # make cleandepend && make depend # make && make install
编译完成后在/etc/rc.conf 最后添加以下语句
firewall_enable="YES" firewall_script="YES" firewall_script="/etc/ipfw.conf" firewall_quiet="NO" firewall_logging_enable="YES"
:编辑/etc/syslog.conf文件
在文件最后加入如下内容:
!ipfw *.* /var/log/ipfw.log
这行的作用是将IPFW的日志写到/var/log/ipfw.log文件里
ee /etc/ipfw.conf #!/bin/sh IPFW='/sbin/ipfw -q' $IPFW -f flush $IPFW add 2000 allow ip from any to any via lo* $IPFW add 2010 deny log ip from 127.0.0.0/8 to any in $IPFW add 2020 deny log ip from any to 127.0.0.0/8 in $IPFW add 2030 deny log ip from 224.0.0.0/3 to any in $IPFW add 2040 deny log tcp from any to 224.0.0.0/3 in $IPFW add 2050 allow log tcp from any to any out $IPFW add 2060 allow log tcp from any to any established $IPFW add 2070 allow log tcp from any to any 22 in $IPFW add 2080 allow log tcp from any to any 80 in $IPFW add 12190 deny log tcp from any to any
2.4 安装axel提高ports的安装速度
cd /usr/ports/ftp/axel
make install
#修改 /et/make.conf
ee /etc/make.conf
#加入以下内容
FETCH_CMD=axel
FETCH_BEFORE_ARGS= -n 10 -a
FETCH_AFTER_ARGS=
DISABLE_SIZE=yes
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=\
http://ports.hshh.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
http://ports.cn.freebsd.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
ftp://ftp.freeBSDchina.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP
2.5 优化内核
ee /etc/sysctl.conf security.bsd.see_other_uids=0 net.inet.tcp.sendspace=65536 net.inet.tcp.recvspace=65536 #net.inet.udp.sendspace=65536 net.inet.udp.maxdgram=65536 net.local.stream.sendspace=65536 net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 #net.inet.tcp.rfc1644=1 net.inet.tcp.rfc3042=1 net.inet.tcp.rfc3390=1 kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=2097152 kern.maxfiles=65536 kern.maxfilesperproc=32768 net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=1 net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.icmplim=100 net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output=0 #net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 net.inet.tcp.always_keepalive=1 net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=1000 (这儿太大了。建议不用或小点值) net.inet.tcp.msl=7500 (太大了。建议2500-2000左右) net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=1 net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=0 kern.ipc.somaxconn=32768 kern.securelevel=0 #net.inet.tcp.log_in=1 #net.inet.udp.log_in=1 net.inet.udp.checksum=1 net.inet.tcp.syncookies=1 kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864 kern.ipc.shmall=32768 kern.coredump=0 net.local.stream.recvspace=65536 net.local.dgram.maxdgram=16384 net.local.dgram.recvspace=65536 #net.inet.tcp.mssdflt=1460 #net.inet.tcp.minmss=1640 net.inet.raw.maxdgram=65535 net.inet.raw.recvspace=65535 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65535 net.inet.ipf.fr_tcpidletimeout=864000 ee /boot/loader.conf kern.dfldsiz="2147483648" # Set the initial data size limit kern.maxdsiz="2147483648" # Set the max data size kern.ipc.nmbclusters="0" # Set the number of mbuf clusters kern.ipc.nsfbufs="66560" # Set the number of sendfile(2) bufs
#p#
三、配置mysql php nginx
3.1 安装mysql 5.5.4 m3
cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql55-server ee Makefile
在第30行下面加上下面的参数
--enable-thread-safe-client \ --disable-dtrace \ --enable-assembler \ --enable-assembler \ --with-big-tables \ --with-ssl \ --with-embedded-server \ --with-local-infile \ --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
然后
#make install clean
3.2 初始化数据库
/usr/local/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql cp /usr/local/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
3.3 /etc/rc.conf 增加mysql_enable="YES"
echo 'mysql_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
3.4 安装php
cd /usr/ports/lang/php52 #make config ##配置编译参数 [X] CLI Build CLI version [X] CGI Build CGI version [ ] APACHE Build Apache module [ ] DEBUG Enable debug [X]] SUHOSIN Enable Suhosin protection system [X] MULTIBYTE Enable zend multibyte support [ ] IPV6 Enable ipv6 support [X] REDIRECT Enable force-cgi-redirect support (CGI only) [X] DISCARD Enable discard-path support (CGI only) [X] FASTCGI Enable fastcgi support (CGI only) [X] PATHINFO Enable path-info-check support (CGI only) make install clean # cp /usr/local/etc/php.ini-dist /usr/local/etc/php.ini
3.5 配置php.ini
ee php.ini
找到如下语句
;open_basedir = disable_functions = expose_php = On expose_php = Off display_errors = On output_buffering = Off
修改为
open_basedir = /data/www/wwwroot:/tmp disable_functions = phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsock open,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server display_errors = Off output_buffering = On
3.6 安装php52-extensions
# cd /usr/ports/lang/php52-extensions/ #make config Options for php52-extensions 1.3 ------------------------------------------------- [X] CURL CURL support [X] FTP FTP support [X] GD [X] GETTEXT [X] MBSTRING multibyte string support [X] MCRYPT Encryption support [X] MYSQL [X] PCRE Perl Compatible Regular Expression support [ ] POSIX //去掉 [ ] SQLITE //去掉. [X] ZIP ZIP support [X] ZLIB # make install clean
3.7 安装php扩展模块安装eaccelerator
cd /usr/ports/www/eaccelerator make install clean ee /usr/local/etc/php.ini
在后面加上
zend_extension="/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts- 20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="32" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/data/cache/ea" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
安装memcache
cd /usr/ports/databases/pecl-memcache make install clean
安装pdo_mysql
cd /usr/ports/databases/php52-pdo_mysql make install clean
安装ImageMagick
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/ImageMagick/ # make install clean
看是否安装成功 convert --version
PHP还需安装两个.so
安装 php imagick extend (imagick.so)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/pecl-imagick # make install clean
安装 php magickwand extend (magickwand.so)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/php-magickwand # make install clean
关于magicwand的说明：http://www.imagemagick.org/script/api.php#php
然后看下扩展
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
安装lighttpd 获得spawn-fcgi
cd /usr/ports/www/lighttpd make install clean
安装nginx
cd /usr/ports/www/nginx make install clean
修改php.ini cgi.fix_pathinfo=1,让SCRIPT_FILENAME有效
安装Zendoptimizer
cd /usr/ports/devel/ZendOptimizer/
make (不要安装，只需下载下来即可)
cd work/ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-freebsd6.0-i386
./install-tty 一路按回车,到最后选择no，不使用apache。
zend 将自动在php.ini最后添加参数的。
让nginx和spawn-fcgi开机启动
echo 'spawn_fcgi_enable="YES" '>> /etc/rc.conf echo 'nginx_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
ee fastcgi_params
#fix_php_path
if ($request_filename ~* (.*)\.php) {
set $php_url $1;
}
if (!-e $php_url.php) {
return 403;
}
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
ee nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 10;
pid /var/log/nginx.pid;
# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
error_log /dev/null;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use kqueue; #FreeSBD下要启用kqueue，Linux下是epoll
#maxclient = worker_processes * worker_connections / cpu_number
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request ' '"$status" $body_bytes_sent
"$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log /data/www/logs/access.log main;
access_log /dev/null;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 128k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#
proxy_temp_path /dev/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /dev/fastcgi_temp;
client_body_temp_path /dev/client_body_temp;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.linuxtone.org;
root /data/www/wwroot;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
location ~ \.php$ {
#root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
#fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/www/wwwroot$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
}
}
3.9 安装phpmyadmin
cd /usr/ports/databases/phpmyadmin/
make (只需获得软件包就可以了)
cd work && mv phpMyAdmin* /data/www/wwroot/phpmyadmin
编辑 config.default.php
cd phpmyadmin/lib* ee config.default.php
将
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = '';
修改为
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'cookie';
然后就可以通过phpmyadmin 来管理mysql了!
文档修改历史
V1.0 初稿完成
V1.1 整理文档排版，增加fastcgi_params，修复php_pathinfo漏洞。
V1.2 修改nginx.conf 不正确的地方;整理/etc/make.conf 笔误。
V1.3 增加phpmyadmin 管理，修改spawn_fcgi 启动参数。
V1.4 修改nginx.conf配置文档和编译内核笔误!
原文链接：http://coralzd.blog.51cto.com/90341/433630
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