python教程在例10.4 备份脚本——版本四的代码是相当长的，所以很多人对其有束手无策之感，但是你通过以下的代码对其，有更好的了解，以下就是相关内容的详细介绍。希望你会有所收获。
- #!/usr/bin/python
- # Filename: backup_ver4.py
- import os
- import time
- # 1. The files and directories to be backed up are
specified in a list.- source = [‘/home/swaroop/byte’, ‘/home/swaroop/bin’]
- # If you are using Windows, use source =
[r'C:\Documents'
, r'D:\Work'] or something like that- # 2. The backup must be stored in a main backup
directory- target_dir = ‘/mnt/e/backup/’ # Remember to change
this to what you will be using- # 3. The files are backed up into a zip file.
- # 4. The current day is the name of the
subdirectory in the main directory- today = target_dir + time.strftime(‘%Y%m%d’)
- # The current time is the name of the zip archive
- now = time.strftime(‘%H%M%S’)
- # Take a comment from the user to create the name
of the zip file- comment = raw_input(‘Enter a comment –> ‘)
- if len(comment) == 0: # check if a comment was entered
- target = today + os.sep + now + ‘.zip’
- else:
- target = today + os.sep + now + ‘_’ + \
- comment.replace(‘ ‘, ‘_’) + ‘.zip’
- # Notice the backslash!
- # Create the subdirectory if it isn’t already there
- if not os.path.exists(today):
- os.mkdir(today) # make directory
- print ‘Successfully created directory’, today
- # 5. We use the zip command (in Unix/Linux) to put the
files in a zip archive- zip_command = "zip -qr ‘%s’ %s" % (target, ‘
‘.join(source))- # Run the backup
- if os.system(zip_command) == 0:
- print ‘Successful backup to’, target
- else:
- print ‘Backup FAILED’
文中提到“我还希望有的一个优化是使用tar命令替代zip命令。这样做的一个优势是在你结合使用tar和gzip命令的时候，备份会更快更小。如果你想要在Windows中使用这些归档，WinZip也能方便地处理这些.tar.gz文件。tar命令在大多数Linux/Unix系统中都是默认可用的。Windows用户也可以下载安装它。命令字符串现在将成为：
- tar = ‘tar -cvzf %s %s -X /home/swaroop/
excludes.txt’ % (target, ‘ ‘.join(srcdir))
需要补充的是Windows用户安装完LibArchive后命令为bsdtar，而且若想使用-z这个选项，还需安装gzip软件。代码中的
- target = today + os.sep + now + ‘.zip’
改为
- target = today + os.sep + now + ‘.tar.gz’
使用
- bsdtar -cvzf %s %s -X /home/swaroop/
excludes.txt’ % (target, ‘ ‘.join(source))
以上的内容就是对简明python教程在例10.4 备份脚本——版本四的代码中有些需要注意的地方的详细介绍。
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